Core Concepts

​

Overview

​

Key Concepts

​

Portfolios

• Equity Portfolios - Direct equity holdings
• Fixed Income Portfolios - Bond and debt instrument portfolios
• Fund-of-Funds - Portfolios that invest in other funds
• Multi-Asset Portfolios - Mixed asset class portfolios

​

Securities

• Equities (stocks)
• Fixed Income (bonds)
• Derivatives (options, futures)
• Collective Investment Vehicles (mutual funds, ETFs)
• Alternative Investments (private equity, real estate)

• Identifiers (ISIN, SEDOL, CUSIP, Bloomberg ID)
• Classification (asset class, sector, geography)
• Pricing source and currency
• Corporate actions history

​

Holdings

interface Holding {
  portfolio_id: string;
  security_id: string;
  position_date: Date;
  quantity: number;
  cost_base: number;
  market_value: number;
  unrealized_pnl: number;
}

• Track position changes over time
• Calculate attribution and performance
• Reconcile position movements
• Analyze portfolio drift

​

Transactions

• BUY - Purchase of securities
• SELL - Sale of securities
• DIVIDEND - Dividend income
• COUPON - Bond coupon payments
• FEE - Management and performance fees
• TRANSFER - Inter-portfolio transfers
• CORPORATE_ACTION - Stock splits, mergers, etc.

​

Net Asset Value (NAV)

NAV = (Total Assets - Total Liabilities) / Outstanding Units

• Daily pricing from market data feeds
• Multi-currency support with FX conversion
• Fee accruals (management, performance, administration)
• Expense attribution across fund structures
• Share class segregation for different unit classes

​

Validation Rules

​

ASIC RG94 Validation

1. NAV Variance Checks - Tolerance: 3 basis points
2. Cash Reconciliation - Zero tolerance for cash breaks
3. Position Reconciliation - Match holdings to custodian
4. Price Validation - Verify pricing sources
5. Corporate Actions - Validate adjustments

=IF(ABS((Calculated_NAV - Published_NAV) / Published_NAV) > 0.0003,
    "BREACH",
    "PASS")

​

Visual Data Modeling

​

Workflows

​

Daily NAV Workflow

• Durable execution - Survives system failures
• Event sourcing - Complete audit trail
• Retry policies - Automatic error recovery
• Human-in-loop - Approval gates
• Monitoring - Real-time workflow status

​

AI Agent

• Natural Language Queries - “Show portfolio performance this quarter”
• Formula Translation - Excel to SQL conversion
• Smart Suggestions - Context-aware recommendations
• Error Detection - Identify data quality issues
• Query Optimization - Improve query performance

• GPT-4 for natural language understanding
• Vector embeddings for context retrieval
• Domain-specific training on investment terminology

​

Access Control

​

Roles

• ADMIN - Full system access (GLOBAL scope)
• FUND_MANAGER - Manages funds and strategies (ORGANIZATION scope)
• PORTFOLIO_MANAGER - Manages portfolios (TEAM scope)
• OPERATIONS_LEAD - Operational activities (ORGANIZATION scope)
• COMPLIANCE_OFFICER - Compliance and audits (ORGANIZATION scope)
• VIEWER - Read-only access (TEAM scope)

​

Row-Level Security (RLS)

-- Example: Portfolio managers can only see their team's portfolios
CREATE POLICY portfolio_team_access ON investment.portfolios
  FOR SELECT
  USING (
    team_id IN (
      SELECT team_id FROM iam.team_members
      WHERE user_id = auth.uid()
    )
  );

​

Integrations

• Market Data Providers - Bloomberg, Refinitiv, FactSet
• Custodians - Northern Trust, BNY Mellon, State Street
• Fund Administrators - SS&C, Apex, Citco
• Accounting Systems - Sage, Xero, QuickBooks
• Reporting Tools - Tableau, Power BI, Looker

• Secure credential storage in vault schema
• Automated data synchronization
• Field mapping and transformation
• Error handling and retry logic
• Sync job monitoring and alerts

​

Data Architecture

​

Next Steps